The Ultimate Guide to Choosing JIS Flange Check Valves

If you have any questions about the flanged check valve, you will find the answer right here.

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From parts, working principle, end configuration, material type, surface finish to features &#; all information you need is in this guide.

So, if you want to be an expert in flanged check valve, keep reading.

What is a Flanged Check Valve?

A Flanged Check Valves a valve designed for the purpose of isolating media as it flows through the piping system.

It performs this function through its ability to open and close simultaneously.

The media can be liquid and gas.

Flanged Check Valve

What are the Parts that Make up a Flanged Check Valve System?

The following are the parts of a flanged check valve system:

• Body
• Bonnet
• Ports
• Handle
• Disc
• Seat
• Stem
• Gaskets
• Valve balls
• Packing
• Gland nut

The numbers labeled in the diagram above represent parts as follows;

1. Body
2. Ports
3. Seat
4. Stem
5. Disc
6. Handle
7. Bonnet
8. Parking
9. Gland nut
10. Fluid
11. Disc position (valve closed)
12. Handle position (valve closed)

What is the Purpose of a Flanged Check Valve?

The main role of a Flanged Check Valve is to control the flow of fluid in a piping system.

This occurs through the valve opening and closing.

Its design enables it to prevent leakage through its complete closure.

This enhances zero percentage of corrosion of the system at hand.

The fluid in this case commonly refers to liquid and gas.

Other fluids include fluidized solids and slurries.

How does Flanged Check Valve Work?

The valve is designed to control the flow of fluid in the piping system.

It does this by opening, closing, or partially blocking various passageways in the process flow.

The position of the disc and handle changes depending on whether the valve is open or shut.

The valve moves down to block the flow of fluid.

The flowing fluid then pushes it up, making it open.

It basically checks the fluid flow in one direction.

It requires a higher pressure on the input side and a lower pressure on the output side to open.

When the pressure on the output side is higher than that of the input side, the Check Valve closes.

What are the Typical Applications for Flanged Check Valve?

The common uses of flanged check valve include:

• Water pumps
• Sewage pipes
• Oil processing
• Petroleum transport lines
• Chemical industries
• Food processing

What are the Features of a Flanged Check Valve?

The typical properties of flanged check valve include:

• Availability of balls with a different weight ensures silence during the process.
• The high pressure at the input and low pressure at the output makes it open and close easily for easy control of fluid
• It is small and light. This makes it easy to disassemble and assemble.
• It is one way thus ensures little chances of backflow.
• Closing ability protects the piping process to avoid contamination.

What are the Benefits of the Flanged Check Valve?

Here are some of the advantages of a flanged check valve:

• It is a solution to the numerous projects that revolve around fluid
• Prevents backflow of fluid
• Minimizes chances of corrosion of the system since its tightness prevents leakage.
• It has a low cost of maintenance since it has a self-cleaning mechanism
• Easy to install
• It is cheap and locally available thus easily accessible.

Threaded Flanged Check Valve

What are the required End Connection Standards for Flanged Check Valves?

The End connection for Flanged Check Valves should meet various standards.

They comprise of:

• ANSI/ASME B16.5
• DIN -1/ISO(Diameter Nominal.)

Based on size and pressure rating.

SAE J518

Based on using four bolts located on the corners of the rectangle.

They can be split into two halves or left as a whole.

They are slim in nature.

This connection type makes them simply squeeze the valves between two flanges using long bots or threaded end rods.

What is the Flanged Check Valve Method of Control?

The Flanged Check Valve is basically controlled by the difference in pressure.

It requires a higher pressure on the input side and a lower pressure on the outlet side to open.

When the pressure on the output side is higher than that of the input side, it closes to prevent backflow.

It controls the flow of fluid in the piping system by opening, closing or partially blocking various passageways in the process flow.

The position of the disc and handle changes depending on whether the valve is open or shut.

A build-up of pressure on the output side could result in failure of the valve and the whole flow at large.

What are common Body Materials for Flanged Check Valves?

The common materials used to make Flanged Check Valves consist of:

• Brass
• Lead
• Steel
• Iron
• Silicone
• CPVC

What is the Mounting Orientation of Flanged Check Valves?

You should mount the valve in the right direction to prevent backflow and enhance the proper running of fluid.

The valve housing often has an arrow indicating the right direction of flow.

Fixing the valve in the wrong direction causes backflow of the fluid.

A backflow is inconvenient and causes damage to the fluid and also the pipes.

The pipes might corrode and wear out. Backflow also causes contamination of the clean fluid.

The correct mounting directions of the flanged check valve are;

• Horizontal
• Vertical
• Horizontal and vertical

What are the Design Options for Flanged Check Valves?

There are different flanged check valve designs.

The designs are suitable for all the various needed aspects of the process flow, and they include:

• Disc check
• Spring Check
• Swing Check
• Double-Check
• Piston Check
• Ball Check
• Foot Valve
• Y-Pattern
• Axial Disc Check

Flanged Ball Check Valve

How do you Size Flanged Check Valves?

The selected Check Valve should have the right size.

In order to do this, you should determine the minimum velocity required to lift the disc of the valve.

Then, find the mean velocity of flow in the piping system.

The mean velocity should be greater than or equal to the minimum required velocity.

The accuracy of determining the right size comes with various advantages evident in usage.

What are the TemperatureConsiderations for Flanged Check Valves?

During the selection of the flanged check valve, you should consider the external temperature as well as that of the medium in question.

It should resist the high temperature of the medium for efficiency.

If it cannot withstand the high temperature, it might burst to cause leakage of the medium, hence corrosion of the pipes.

The material should be compatible with the medium.

The best material recommended is Viton, since it withstands all the conditions.

It is possible to use this material in all flow situations, including those that no other material type could be used.

What is Flanged Check Valve Pressure Rating?

The maximum and cracking pressure in the Flanged Check Valve basically makes the valve work.

The cracking pressure refers to the least pressure needed to push the valve open and allow the fluid to flow through.

The inlet pressure should be higher than the outlet pressure to ensure that it does not flow back and cause contamination.

Flanged Checking Valve should be strong enough to withstand or resist the maximum and cracking pressure of the media.

What is the Best Material for Flanged Check Valve Seal?

VITON is the best and recommended material for Flanged Check Valve Seal.

This is because it resists all the harsh and tough conditions of both the media and pipe.

It can withstand high temperatures as well as very low temperatures without melting or freezing out.

This a feature that makes it stand out from other materials.

The material is able to withstand the cracking pressure; the pressure needed to open and close the valve in a simultaneous way.

Normally, you use Viton seals in applications where nothing else could work.

How Much do Flanged Check Valve Cost?

The cost of Flanged Check valves is relatively cheap.

The cost somehow depends on the material used to make the Valve.

Moreover, the complexity of the Check valve matters too.

A simple Flanged Check Valve costs less than a complex one.

The average price ranges from $35-$600.There is also a cost of professional labor.

Basically, the valves that cost higher have better quality and this indicates that they last for a longer period of time.

These are better than those that cost less and last for a shorter time.

What are the Coating Options for Flanged Check Valves?

There are various coating options for the Flanged Check Valves, which include:

• Epoxy Coatings
• Alkyd Coatings
• Zin-Rich Coatings
• Acrylic Coatings
• Polyurethane Coatings

Why is Valve Flow Coefficient Important in Flanged Check Valves?

The coefficient Valve Flow in Flanged Check Valves ensures that fluid does not flow back.

The backflow of fluid could lead to contamination of the clean fluid.

For example, in a water sewer plant, there is a need to prevent sewage from flowing back into the pipe.

It would be bad if it flows back and contaminates the clean water.

The coefficient flow ensures that this never happens.

What enhances this is the pressure of the fluid that opens the valve.

If this pressure reduces, the valve automatically closes preventing the fluid from flowing back.

The pressure at the input part should be higher than the outlet pressure.

The pressure difference ensures that the fluid does not flow back and cause contamination.

Are Flanged Check Valves Suitable for Drinking Water Applications?

No, the Flanged Check Valves are primarily designed for wastewater.

They are instrumental in ensuring that used water does not flow back into the system as this could contaminate clean water.

However, Swing Check Valves are the best-suited type of Valves for drinking water.

How do you Choose Flanged Check Valves?

Choosing a suitable Flanged Check Valve means a perfect process system.

You need to select the valve after thorough consideration of various factors.

Axial Double-Disc Flanged Check Valve

Here are the factors to consider when choosing Flanged Check valves;

a) Material: It should be compatible with the medium.

b) Size: The size for connection points should align with that of the Flanged Check Valve.

c) Maximum pressure and cracking pressure requirement: The Flanged Check Valve chosen should withstand the pressure of the medium.

d) Installation requirement: This depends on whether the installation should be horizontal or vertical.

e) Accessibility needs for inspections and repairs: Readily available Valves should be chosen over rear ones. Those that are easily accessible are easily reached during inspections and repairs.

Want more information on JIS Flange Check Valves? Feel free to contact us.

Further reading:
Which is better trunnion ball valve or floating ball valve?

f) Temperature: The Flanged Check Valve should be able to withstand the external and media temperature.

The right Flanged Check Valve withstands all aspects of the media.

A valve with good material is reliable because it resists high temperatures as well as pressure.

What are the Disadvantages of Flanged Check Valves?

Despite their advantages, there are various disadvantages of flanged check valves that comprise of:

• The internal parts cannot be checked
• Disks can get stuck in the open position
• Noise from slamming disks cause discomfort
• Issues of water hammer
• They only operate in a completely closed system
• They can abruptly close thus causing damage and wear

What does the Arrow Cast into the Flanged Check Valve Body Indicate?

It indicates the right way in which you should install the flanged check valve.

Basically, it should be connected based on the direction in which the medium flows.

A change in this messes up with the general functionality of the valve.

In the long run, the valve might fail to work thus the process flow will break down.

This damages the whole system as well as the medium.

To avoid such cases, you should observe the correct arrow direction and other given instructions.

Where should you Install a Flanged Check Valve on Water and Well System?

The Flanged Check Valve should ideally be put between the water pipe and the tank or pump.

Simply put, it should connect the pipe to the tank or pump with its handle at a reachable point.

This allows for easy turning on or off by the user.

You should do this with the correct direction of the water flow in mind.

The size of the valve should suit the size of the pipe.

This makes it perfectly fit for the task and very efficient.

Flanged Check Valve Installation

How do you Install Flanged Check Valves?

During installation, it is important to use the right size of the Check Valve on the pipe in question.

An arrow on the Valve housing should always guide one to install the Valve.

The arrow marks the direction in which the fluid flows and you should install it in that same direction.

A change in direction could lead to failure of the process flow.

What are the Common Signs of Flanged Check Valves Failure?

Flanged Check Valves can exhibit failure in ways such as;

• Pump runs but very little fluid. It indicates a problem of low pressure in the process flow thus little fluid.

You can solve this by checking the inlet pressure. In this case, the Flanged Check Valve is definitely obliged to automatically close if this continues.

Increase the inlet pressure to enhance a continuous flow without interruption.

• The pump runs but does not pump water. This might be due to a blockage or much leakage. It can also result from a low-pressure supply in the system.

Changing the Valve or adjusting it should help fix this.

Increasing inlet pressure would also help a lot.

• Disturbing noise caused by the Check valve friction. You should regularly check the valve and replace parts to make the flowing process easy.
• Pump keeps running nonstop. This indicates a problem with the nut which might be loose.

Correct this by tightening the nuts.

It is also advisable to check the inlet pressure to ensure it is higher than that of the outlet.

• Iron clogged Check Valves. This is a clear indication corrosion caused by leakage of fluid. The Valve nut should be efficient and fitting to ensure complete shut off that ensure zero leakage.
• Pump opens and closes frequently. This is due to the insufficient supply of pressure in the system. The input and out pressure required is probably not balanced.

If the pressure at the outlet is more, the valve closes.

Therefore, to solve this, the input pressure should be higher than the output pressure.

Make sure you maintain this pressure difference.

Do Flanged Check Valves require Periodic Maintenance?

Yes, there is a need to periodically maintain the Flanged Check Valveto enhance the efficient flow of fluid.

Although it features a self- cleaning mechanism, it does not mean that it will stay in good working condition throughout by itself.

Maintenance ensures zero leaks.

It also enhances the required amount of fluid flow with the required pressure.

Poor maintenance could lead to problems with the flow system, contamination of the clean fluid, and even failure of the complete system.

Therefore, prevention helps avoid major issues that could inconvenience the process flow.

Flanged Check Valve Cross-Section

In order to function efficiently, you need to maintain Flanged Check Valves well.

It is important to keep the valves clean and taking steps to prevent damage to the valve system.

You should do a regular inspection of the equipment to ensure it is in good working condition.

Keep the valve clear for easy opening and closing.

Remove anything external that may cause blockage.

Furthermore, make sure to replace handles and other parts of the flanged check valve from time to time.

This makes the Check Valve efficient and remains in good working condition.

A bad working condition causes the build-up of pressure on the outlet side of the flow system.

This in turn causes great damage and wear.

It might also cause a backflow of the fluid that leads to contamination of the clean fluid.

Moreover, it is also advisable to keep the valve lubricated to avoid friction and eventual wearing out.

Friction also causes noise.

Frequent coating by applying the protective insulation is important.

This helps prevents corrosion of the equipment.

Still, if you have any questions on the flanged check valve, Kinvalve is here to help.

We design and produce a range of flanged check valves depending on your unique requirements and specifications.

Contact us now for all your flanged check valve needs.

This two-part article explains in detail the variables that affect flange ratings, then describes how flanges are produced and the accepted methods for use and installation. We&#;ve included part one here in the print version. Part two is on VALVEmagazine.com.

THE GEOMETRY OF FLANGES

A basic flange found on most waterworks valves and fittings is shown in Figure 1. The connection consists of a circular ring or flange welded to or cast integrally with the valve body and pipe. The basic dimensions of a flange consist of the outside diameter (OD), bolt circle diameter (BC), thickness (T) and the number and size of the bolt holes. The bolt pattern in valves and fittings typically straddles the vertical centerline. The flanges of two fittings mate together and are sealed with a resilient gasket, which is tightly compressed by the bolts located in a circle concentric with the pipe OD. To obtain a tight seal, the bolts must withstand the hydrostatic end force of the pipe and compress the gasket to a multiple of the maximum pressure of the system.

A flange is a structural element of the piping system that must withstand the pressure and pipe loads related to that system since the element is a rigid or restrained joint. The flange connection will not slip or pivot, and it must withstand the internal pressure forces without any external restraint. Certain push-on and mechanical joint connections often used below ground are not restrained. This is an important distinction that affects the supports, anchors and thrust blocks needed for many systems. The flange must be strong enough to transfer pipe loads, pressure forces and gasket loads from the bolts to the connecting pipe, fitting or valve. When a pipe is pressurized internally, the hydrostatic forces tend to stretch the pipe and pull the flanges apart. The bolts must maintain contact between the mating flanges and gaskets without excessive stretching.

The hub flange is similar to the ring flange but has additional material at the base of the flange so loads are distributed more uniformly to the pipe or fitting. Ring and hub flanges can be attached to the pipe by welding or threading (companion flange). High-pressure steel flanges often have a raised face and sloped hub that optimizes the strength-to-weight ratio of the flange. These are attached to the pipe with a butt weld. The raised portion of the flange focuses the bolt load over a smaller gasket area, which improves the gasket&#;s performance. Finally, when the purpose of the flange is to block off the end of the pipe, a blind flange is used, which consists of a solid flat plate. A flat plate is an inefficient shape to withstand pressure (as opposed to dished heads, which are better), so blind flanges tend to be thicker than pipe flanges.

FLANGE MATERIALS

Pressure ratings of flanges are based on their material of construction. This makes sense because steel can be twice as strong as gray iron. However, to understand how material strength affects flange ratings, it is important to understand fundamental mechanical properties of metals.

Conversely, when ductile iron is cast, the molten metal is treated with magnesium, which causes the graphite to solidify into the nodules seen in Figure 5. The nodule shape gives ductile iron greater strength and less brittleness than gray iron. Materials such as ductile iron tend to deflect significantly before they fracture. This tendency, which is similar to what happens with a rubber band, is called ductility. Granted, that rubber band may deflect five to 10 times its length before it breaks, but ductile iron can deflect as much as 18% before breaking. Since ductile iron can bend like steel, it also has the ability to absorb shocks, which helps reduce line breaks in water main applications. This shows how knowledge of materials and their mechanical properties allows engineers to establish safe and predictable flange designs for use in various industries.

FLANGE STANDARDS

To allow components within an industry to be interchangeable, engineers have developed standard dimensions over many decades for bolts and flanges for a variety of pipe sizes and pressure ranges. The first such effort was undertaken by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). ASME is dedicated to ensuring the safety of the general public from the risks of pressurized systems such as boiler piping. Beginning in , the ASME B16 committee assumed responsibility for developing codes and standards related to valves, pipe flanges and fittings. The committee&#;s published body of work includes standard dimensions and pressure/temperature ratings for gray iron flanges and fittings (ASME B16.1), ductile iron (ASME B16.42) and steel (ASME B16.5). ASME also recently produced a standard for large steel flanges (ASME B16.47), but it is mainly used by the petroleum industry. Compliance with these standards is voluntary, but their application ensures safety at stated pressures and temperatures as well as uniformity so that flanged valves and fittings from different manufacturers can be interchanged.

Similarly, the American Water Works Association (AWWA) A21 Committee publishes flange and fitting standards that mate with some of the ASME flanges, but are designed for cold water service. Most notably, AWWA C110 ductile iron and gray iron fittings describes 3- to 48-inch fittings and flanged joints with Class 125 dimensions for waterworks ­service. These fittings and their ratings are based on extensive burst testing and provide a safety factor of at least three times the rated cold working pressure (AWWA C110). Because the products are intended for cold water, the ratings of AWWA fittings and flanges are higher than a similar ASME fitting. Keep in mind, however, that the ASME fittings are also used for steam service, which is far more hazardous than waterworks service.

It is also important to realize that while valves incorporate these flanges, their pressure ratings may differ based on different valve standards. For example, some butterfly valves with Class 125 flanges have flanges capable of 250 psig, but AWWA C504 rubber-seated butterfly valves limits the maximum working pressure of gray iron valves to 150 psig.

FLANGE CLASSES

ASME and AWWA standards provide dimensions for various classes of flanges. Given those dimensions, the standards development organizations establish pressure ratings for flanges and fittings based on the materials from which they&#;re made and the temperatures at which they&#;re used. These pressure classes of 125, 250, 300, etc. cause considerable confusion in the industry. This is because the classes often are interpreted as rated pressures for the flange; but nothing could be further from the truth.

Instead, these classes are &#;designations&#; that generally represent a pressure and temperature for saturated steam. For example, an ASME B16.1 Class 125 flange is rated for 125 psig at 353ºF (178ºC), which is the boiling temperature for water at that pressure. As temperature increases, the pressure rating of the flange decreases. For example, a Class 150 flange is rated about 270 psig at ambient conditions (i.e. 100°F or 38ºC), 180 psig at 400°F (204ºC), 150 psig at 600°F (316ºC), and 75 psig at 800°F (427ºC). At ambient temperatures, it makes sense that the pressure ratings are higher than the saturated steam pressure. When the temperature rises, the rated pressure goes down and vice versa. Pressure and temperature tables in the applicable standards must be consulted to apply them to a piping system.

A general summary of flange pressure ratings versus temperatures is shown in Figure 6. The ASME pressures represent nonshock pressure ratings, as in steady pressures, not pressure spikes or cyclic water hammers. Conversely, AWWA fittings are adequate for the rated pressure plus a surge allowance of 100 psi or half the rated working pressure, whichever is less (AWWA C110). The table brings to light some important observations.

• In all cases, as the maximum temperature increases, the pressure rating of the flange goes down. Metals are weaker at high temperatures.
• Most of the time, the pressure ratings do not match the class designation at 100°F (38ºC).
• As the class designation increases, the pressure rating increases.
• Ductile iron flanges are rated higher than gray iron flanges.
• AWWA C110 only specifies Class 125 drilling.
• The AWWA fittings are not rated for high temperatures.

The ASME standards contain many other standard pressure classes. But in the waterworks industry, Class 125 and Class 250 apply to gray iron flanges, while Class 150 and Class 300 apply to ductile iron, steel and stainless steel (ASME B16.1, ASME B16.42). The bolting patterns of Class 125 and Class 150 match, as do Class 250 and Class 300. It is important not to mix the rating of the fitting with the drilling of the flange. Most AWWA fittings have Class 125 drilling, but a 250 psi rating even when made of gray iron (AWWA C110).

In the waterworks industry, AWWA publishes standards for flanged fittings and valves that are related to the ASME standards. Because AWWA fittings and valves are used with water, which is considered a safer medium, the general safety factor may be lower than with the more hazardous high-temperature steam applications. AWWA also allows several alternate grades of gray iron and ductile iron.

FLANGE SIZES

Some general facts should be understood when using these standards.

First, Class 125, Class 150 and AWWA Classes B, D and E flanges have the same bolt pattern and can be joined together (AWWA C207). The same goes for Class 250, 300 and AWWA Class F.

The steel flanges given in ASME B16.5 only go up to NPS 24; so that standard is of little use for large flanges. Because of this, AWWA C207 is used for large steel flanges in the waterworks industry. C207 is a relatively new standard for which dimensions for sizes up to NPS 144 in (AWWA C207) were just released. Therefore, many valves and fittings in the field have special flange drilling. Caution should be exercised when fabricating replacement equipment for existing piping systems.

Class 125/150 drilling is the most common flange in the waterworks industry. In fact, it is so common some projects specify iron valves with 250/300 flanges drilled specially to mate with a Class 125/150 bolt pattern. This is done so that the valve can carry the same pressure rating as the steel mating flange. However, doing so is not practical since it adds unnecessary weight to the valve and is unsightly when the flange diameters do not match in the pipeline. A better practice is to specify a Class 125/150 valve flange in ductile iron, which will carry a pressure rating similar to the steel mounting flange.

Finally, Class 250/300 drilling is common, but only available up to size NPS 48. Above that size, flanges will have the 125/150 drilling with the pressure rating dependent on the material (ASME B16.1).

CONCLUSION

Flanges are an important component of piping systems and are provided by both valve and pipe manufacturers in many configurations. Complete knowledge of their design and applicable standards is essential for a piping system to be successful. In the waterworks industry, valve and pipe flanges are provided in many alternate materials and conflicting pressure class ­designations. To avoid serious construction problems and unneeded costs requires thorough knowledge of flange ratings and specification of flange ­systems that meet the required pressure and temperature requirements of the piping system.

John V. Ballun, P.E. is executive vice president and COO of Val-Matic Valve & Mfg. Corp. (www.valmatic.com), headquartered in Elmhurst, IL. ­Ballun has been a prominent contributor to valve standards development work for ASME, AWWA and MSS. He is a past president of MSS. Reach him at .

REFERENCES

1. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME B16-1-. Gray Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: Classes 25, 125, and 250.
2. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME B16-5-. Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings: NPS ½ through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard.
3. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME B16-42-. Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: Classes 150, and 300.
4. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME B16-47-. Large Diameter Steel Flanges: NPS 26 Through NPS 60.
5. American Water Works Association, ANSI/AWWA C110/A21.10-12 Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings.
6. American Water Works Association, ANSI/AWWA C207-13 Steel Pipe Flanges for Waterworks Service &#; Sizes 4 In. Through 144 In.
7. American Water Works Association, ANSI/AWWA C504-10 Rubber-Sealed ­Butterfly Valves, 3 in (74mm) through 72 in (mm).
8. Manufacturers Standardization Society, MSS SP-44-. Steel Pipeline Flanges.

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