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Science Behind the Solar Cell

 

Science Behind the Solar Cell

 Converting Sunlight Into Electricity
Solar Cell
(multicrystalline silicon) Photovoltaic modules, commonly called solar modules, are the key components used to convert sunlight into electricity. Solar modules are made of semiconductors that are very similar to those used to create integrated circuits for electronic equipment. The most common type of semiconductor currently in use is made of silicon crystal. Silicon crystals are laminated into n-type and p-type layers, stacked on top of each other. Light striking the crystals induces the &#;photovoltaic effect,&#; which generates electricity. The electricity produced is called direct current (DC) and can be used immediately or stored in a battery. For systems installed on homes served by a utility grid, a device called an inverter changes the electricity into alternating current (AC), the standard power used in residential homes.
 Power Generation Using the P-N Gate High purity silicon crystals are used to manufacture solar cells. The crystals are processed into solar cells using the melt and cast method. The cube-shaped casting is then cut into ingots, and then sliced into very thin wafers.

Processing wafers
Silicon atoms have four "arms." Under stable conditions, they become perfect insulators. By combining a small number of five-armed atoms (with a surplus electron), a negative charge will occur when sunlight (photons) hits the surplus electron. The electron is then discharged from the arm to move around freely. Silicon with these characteristics conducts electricity. This is called an n-type (negative) semiconductor, and is usually caused by having the silicon 'doped' with a phosphorous film.

In contrast, combining three-armed atoms that lack one electron results in a hole with an electron missing. The semiconductor will then carry a positive charge. This is called a p-type (positive) semiconductor, and is usually obtained when boron is doped into the silicon.

A p-n junction is formed by placing p-type and n-type semiconductors next to one another. The p-type, with one less electron, attracts the surplus electron from the n-type to stabilize itself. Thus the electricity is displaced and generates a flow of electrons, otherwise known as electricity.

When sunlight hits the semiconductor, an electron springs up and is attracted toward the n-type semiconductor. This causes more negatives in the n-type semiconductors and more positives in the p-type, thus generating a higher flow of electricity. This is the photovoltaic effect.

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 Related Information Kyocera Headquarters Building Solar Power Generating System

Uses of Solar Cell

What are Solar cells?

The smallest unit of a solar power device is a solar cell. A solar panel is created by several solar cells. The basic electricity generation unit of the solar photovoltaic system shapes solar cells. In fact, solar cells are large-area semiconductor diodes. Because of the photovoltaic effect, light energy (photon energy) is converted into electric current.

Solar cells are also called photovoltaic cells. They convert light energy into electricity.

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Uses of Solar Cell

Biogas Solar cells are portable, durable and the maintenance cost is low. It was discovered in the year and its first use was in communication satellite Let&#;s see some Solar cell applications for different purposes:

1. Transportation
2. Solar cells in calculators
3. Solar cell panels
4. Solar cell advantages

1. Solar Cell for Transportation

Solar energy is used in cars. This solar power is created by photovoltaic cells. This electricity is transferred to the storage battery or powers the motor. Ed Passerini was the first person to build a solar car. The first powered car was created in the year

2. Solar Cells in Calculators

Solar-powered calculators use photovoltaic cells. These calculators work with solar energy. The light from sun gives power for the operation of calculators. Solar calculators work very well in outdoor light

3. Solar Cell Panels

On the rooftop, solar panels are kept. It is used as a solar heater which heats the water. This water can be used for bathing. Also, another use it helps in generating power. People can store this energy in the backup battery and can use during power cut issues. Or people can store this energy and use it to generate electricity in their house and save money by reducing the electricity bill

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4. Solar Cell Advantages

Solar energy is a renewable form of energy. Saves money as it reduces the electricity bill. Maintaining is simple and affordable so the maintenance cost is also low. It is one of the best alternatives for non-renewable energy.

Frequently Asked Questions &#; FAQs

Q1

What is solar cell and its uses?

Solar cells, also called photovoltaic cells, directly transform energy into electricity from the sun. Renewable energy is provided by solar cells, and they are durable, compact and low-maintenance. In remote environments, solar cells often generate electricity, powering machines far from the closest electrical outlet.

Q2

What is the principle of solar cell?

When light enters the p-n junction, via a very thin p-type film, light photons can quickly penetrate the junction. Light energy, in the form of photons, provides the junction with ample energy to create a sequence of electron-hole pairs.

Q3

Why solar is important?

The sun helps all life on earth. Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used specifically for residential and enterprise heating and lighting, for power generation, for hot water heating, for solar cooling, and for a range of other commercial and industrial applications.

Q4

What is need of solar energy?

When you use solar panels to generate electricity, no greenhouse gas emissions are emitted into the environment. And because the sun produces more energy than we will use, solar-powered electricity is a very effective source of energy to shift into generating renewable energy.

Q5

How is solar energy beneficial to humans?

Clean, pure energy is derived from the sun from solar power systems. The installation of solar panels in your home helps mitigate greenhouse gas pollution and reduces our mutual dependency on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas are the basis of conventional energy. Public wellbeing is also enhanced by clean energies.

This was a brief article on the uses of solar cells. To know more about the solar cell uses, download the BYJU&#;S &#; the learning app.

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