How Does Multi Stage Hydraulic Cylinder Work?

There are many different types of hydraulic cylinders each with its unique functionality. One of the main advantages of using the telescopic hydraulic cylinder variety is the fact that it has a longer stroke compared with other cylinder designs. This cylinder variety is typically used to enhance the functions of process operations.

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If you have operations that are designed to be carried out in a limited or confined space, telescopic hydraulic cylinders are a great option for you. They are also beneficial in places where a longer stroke length is required. But what about hydraulic cylinder repair?

What Is the Telescopic Hydraulic Cylinder?

Telescopic cylinders are also referred to as multi-stage cylinders. They are a variety of linear actuator that consists of tubular rods referred to as sleeves. There are usually four or five sleeves that decrease in diameter and nest inside one another. As soon as hydraulic pressure is exposed to the cylinder, the largest sleeve (called the barrel or main) extends. As soon as the barrel reaches its maximum stroke, the next sleeve (called a stage) starts to extend. This is an ongoing process until the cylinder reaches the final stage that's referred to as the plunger.

The two types of telescopic hydraulic cylinders include single-acting cylinders and double-acting cylinders. The most common type is single acting which works by using gravity or other external forces to retract the cylinder stages. Once pressure is released, the load's force pushes oil out of the system and the cylinder retracts.

Benefits

Just like other types of cylinders, there are benefits to using telescopic hydraulic cylinders. We've outlined a few of them below.

#1. Telescopic Hydraulic Cylinders Take Less Space

One of the main benefits is the fact that these cylinders can be used effectively in small, compact spaces. If your operations are confined and require compact equipment, consider a telescopic hydraulic cylinder that can extend significantly longer than the collapsed length. This is the most logical option if you have limited mounting space and require a long stroke.

#2. Telescopic Cylinders Can Meet Specific Angle Requirements

Using this cylinder variety is the most practical in vehicles that feature a hydraulic-powered bed such as a dump truck. There are specific angles that are required to gradually release the materials at the required range, requiring a 60-degree angle to empty the contents of the bed. As well as raising the bed, telescoping cylinders are beneficial in collapsing and returning the bed to a horizontal position.

#3. Can be Made as a Constant Thrust / Constant Speed Application

Special telescopic cylinders are known as constant-thrust/constant-speed cylinders. They are configured so that all moving stages extend simultaneously to provide a constant speed and force while it is extending or retracting. This variety of telescopic hydraulic cylinders is often used to drive drill heads in underground mining where performance parameters are necessary. Due to its more complicated design, this type of hydraulic cylinder accomplished the necessary action by internally trapping oil, limiting the number of moving stages, and matching retract and extend areas.

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#4. Can be Made as a Double or Single Acting

Another noteworthy advantage is that telescopic hydraulic cylinders can be made as single-acting, double acting, or a combination of the two. If you opt for the combination of single-acting and double-acting telescopic cylinders, you'll also receive the benefits of a double-acting cylinder combined with the ease of operation and cost-effectiveness of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder.

#5. Telescopic Cylinders Have a Longer Stroke

The stroke length of this cylinder variety is longer than others. The typical collapsed length of a telescopic hydraulic cylinder is roughly 20-40 percent of its fully extended length. This is considered an extra-long stroke that cannot be achieved with other types of cylinder types, making it one of the biggest unique selling points of this variety.

Conclusion

Telescopic hydraulic cylinder, we also call it as multi stage hydraulic cylinder or combined hydraulic cylinder. It is a kind of special hydraulic cylinder with a wide range of applications. According to the number of telescopic stages, it can be divided into 2, 3, 4, and 5 stage telescopic hydraulic cylinder. According to the number of times of liquid supply to complete a working cycle, there are single acting and double acting multi stage hydraulic cylinders. Among them, the single acting multi stage cylinder is a plunger telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The double acting multi stage hydraulic cylinder is a piston type telescopic hydraulic cylinder. There is also a telescopic hydraulic cylinder in which the last stage is a piston, and the previous stages or one stage are plungers.

Piston type double acting two stage telescopic hydraulic cylinder, the first stage piston assembly includes a piston seal ring, the outer wall of the piston rod of the first-stage cylinder, and the inner wall of the first stage piston rod. The secondary piston rod assembly includes a piston rod, a piston and a seal. At the same time, the inner wall of the primary piston rod is the secondary piston rod cylinder barrel, and the front end cover of the secondary piston cylinder with the guiding function is also a constituent part of the primary piston rod. Initially, the second stage small piston locates on the upper part of the first stage big piston, and the first stage big piston locates at the bottom of the telescopic tube. When pressure oil is supplied from the right port, the primary and secondary piston assemblies move upward at the same time.

The telescopic hydraulic cylinder contains two or more piston hydraulic cylinders. The piston rod of the previous stage piston cylinder is the cylinder barrel of the next stage piston cylinder.

The total stroke of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is the sum of the strokes of the sleeves at all levels, so it can be quite long. When not working, the length of the entire hydraulic cylinder can be shortened very short. It is widely used in occasions where installation size requirements and large working stroke requirements are required. The most typical application example is the telescopic boom of a truck crane. In addition, it has also been widely used in the hydraulic supports of dump truck cleaning vehicles and mining machinery.

When the pressure oil enters from the rodless cavity, the cylinder with the largest effective area of the piston begins to extend, and when it reaches the end, the cylinder with the second effective area of the piston begins to extend. The sequence of the telescopic hydraulic extension is from large to small, and obtains a long working stroke. The smaller the effective area of the extension cylinder, the faster the extension speed.

Therefore, the extension speed becomes slower and faster, and the corresponding hydraulic thrust changes from large to small. This change rule of thrust and speed is just suitable for the thrust and speed requirements of various automatic loading and unloading machinery. The order of retraction is generally from small to large, with a shorter axial length during retraction, which occupies a small space and has a compact structure. Application field is normally hydraulic systems of construction machinery and other mobile machinery, such as cranes and dump trucks.

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